Emergency? Give epinephrine first, then call 911 right away.

Nonprofit Allergy Awareness

Know it. Act fast. Save a life.

Helping families, schools, and caregivers recognize allergic reactions and respond with confidence.

How to use epinephrine When to use epinephrine
33M
Americans with food allergies
1 in 13
Children affected
3 min
Every 3 minutes, a food allergy reaction sends someone to the ER

When to administer epinephrine

Give epinephrine immediately for any one severe symptom, or for mild symptoms from more than one body area.

Severe symptoms — give epinephrine immediately if the person has any of these:

▸ Lung: Short of breath, wheezing, repetitive cough
▸ Heart: Pale or bluish skin, faintness, weak pulse, dizziness
▸ Throat: Tight or hoarse throat, trouble breathing or swallowing
▸ Mouth: Significant swelling of the tongue or lips
▸ Skin: Many hives over the body, widespread redness
▸ Gut: Repetitive vomiting, severe diarrhea
▸ Other: Feeling something bad is about to happen, anxiety, confusion

Also give epinephrine if the person has mild symptoms from more than one body area (for example, a few hives and mild nausea).

⚡ When in doubt — give the epinephrine. It is always safer to administer it than to wait.

How to administer epinephrine

In an anaphylactic emergency, every second counts. Follow these steps clearly and quickly. Give epinephrine first, then call 911.

Important: There are several epinephrine devices available, including auto-injectors and nasal sprays. Familiarize yourself with the device you or your child carries, and read its instructions, before a reaction occurs. Steps and hold times vary by device. Devices come in two-packs, so always keep both together.

1
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Recognize the signs

Look for any severe symptom listed above, such as trouble breathing, a tight or hoarse throat, many hives, repetitive vomiting, or fainting. Mild symptoms from more than one body area count too.

2
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Get your device ready

Auto-injector: pull it from its carrier and remove the safety cap by pulling straight up — do not twist. Nasal spray: remove it from its package, holding it with your thumb on the plunger.

3
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Give epinephrine now

Auto-injector: press firmly against the outer thigh until you hear a click. Nasal spray: insert the nozzle into one nostril and press the plunger firmly. Do not wait to see if symptoms get worse.

4
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Hold if needed

Auto-injectors must be held in place for the time listed in the device's instructions. This varies by device — some are as short as 2 seconds. Nasal sprays do not need a hold time.

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Then call 911

Once epinephrine has been given, call emergency services. Tell the dispatcher the person is having anaphylaxis and request an ambulance with epinephrine.

6
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Lay them down

Lay the person flat and raise their legs. If breathing is difficult or they are vomiting, let them sit up or lie on their side.

7
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Second dose if needed

If there is a problem giving the first dose, or symptoms don't improve or return, use the second device from the two-pack about 5 minutes or more after the last dose.

8
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Go to the ER

Go to the emergency room even if symptoms go away. Stay at least 4 hours, because symptoms may return (biphasic reaction).

Epinephrine options available in the U.S.

Dose depends on body weight. Ask your allergist which one is right for you or your child, and see each product's website for training videos.

Product Type Doses & weight ranges
neffy (ARS Pharma) Nasal spray 1 mg: 33 to under 66 lbs
2 mg: 66 lbs or more
AUVI-Q Auto-injector 0.1 mg (purple): 16.5 to 33 lbs
0.15 mg (blue): 33 to 66 lbs
0.3 mg (red): 66 lbs or more
Authorized generic of Adrenaclick (Amneal) Auto-injector 0.15 mg (orange): 33 to 66 lbs
0.3 mg (yellow): over 66 lbs
Generics of EpiPen & EpiPen Jr (Teva) Auto-injector 0.15 mg (green): 33 to 66 lbs
0.3 mg (yellow): 66 lbs or more
EpiPen, EpiPen Jr & authorized generics (Viatris) Auto-injector 0.15 mg (green): 33 to 66 lbs
0.3 mg (yellow): 66 lbs or more

Every option comes in a two-pack; keep both devices together.

Important: Epinephrine is not a substitute for emergency medical care. Always give epinephrine first, then call 911. Never leave a child alone after a reaction. Bring the used device to the hospital.

Information on this page is based on guidance from FARE (Food Allergy Research & Education).

Symptom severity checker

Select symptoms you're seeing. This is a quick guide only — if unsure, give epinephrine and then call 911.

⚡

When in doubt — give the epinephrine. Do not wait for symptoms to get worse.

💨 Short of breath, wheezing, repetitive cough
💔 Pale or bluish skin, faintness, weak pulse, dizziness
😮 Tight or hoarse throat, trouble breathing or swallowing
👄 Significant swelling of the tongue or lips
🔴 Many hives over the body, widespread redness
🤢 Repetitive vomiting, severe diarrhea
😰 Feeling something bad is about to happen, anxiety, confusion
🤧 Itchy or runny nose, sneezing
👅 Itchy mouth
🩹 A few hives, mild itch
😖 Mild nausea or discomfort
🚨 Give epinephrine NOW, then call 911. A severe symptom, or mild symptoms from more than one body area, means anaphylaxis.
💛 MILD, one body area — Stay with the person and alert emergency contacts. Antihistamines may be given only if ordered by a healthcare provider. If symptoms worsen, give epinephrine and call 911.

Your allergist may prefer that epinephrine be used even for mild symptoms, so always follow your personalized Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Emergency Care Plan.

Foods to avoid by allergy type

Select an allergy type below to see which foods to avoid and safer alternatives to consider.

Please note: The information below is a general guideline only. Every allergy is different — what's safe for one person may not be safe for another. Always work with a board-certified allergist to get a personalized and accurate list of foods to avoid for your specific allergy.

Foods to avoid

  • Peanuts (any form)
  • Peanut butter & peanut oil
  • Peanut flour or peanut protein
  • Mixed nuts with peanuts
  • Many Asian sauces (satay, pad thai)
  • Baked goods from shared kitchens
  • Some candies & chocolates

Safe alternatives

  • Sunflower seed butter
  • Almond butter (if not tree-nut allergic)
  • Pumpkin seed butter
  • Soy nut butter (if not soy allergic)
  • Certified peanut-free products

Foods to avoid

  • Almonds, cashews, walnuts
  • Pistachios, pecans, macadamia
  • Brazil nuts, hazelnuts (Nutella)
  • Nut milks (almond, cashew milk)
  • Nut oils (walnut, almond oil)
  • Marzipan and pralines
  • Many cereals and granola bars

Safe alternatives

  • Oat milk or rice milk
  • Sunflower or pumpkin seeds
  • Coconut products (usually safe)
  • Peanut butter (if not peanut allergic)

Foods to avoid

  • Milk (all types)
  • Cheese, butter, cream
  • Yogurt and ice cream
  • Whey and casein (in protein shakes)
  • Many breads and baked goods
  • Chocolate (most milk chocolate)
  • Margarine and some non-dairy creamers

Safe alternatives

  • Oat milk, soy milk, almond milk
  • Coconut-based yogurt and ice cream
  • Dairy-free cheese (cashew or soy-based)
  • Vegan butter and margarine
  • Dark chocolate (check labels)

Foods to avoid

  • Eggs (all forms)
  • Mayonnaise and aioli
  • Meringue and marshmallows
  • Many baked goods (cakes, cookies)
  • Pasta (fresh egg pasta)
  • Breaded foods (egg in coating)

Safe alternatives

  • Flaxseed egg (baking substitute)
  • Aquafaba (chickpea water)
  • Chia seed egg
  • Vegan mayonnaise
  • Egg-free pasta and breads

Foods to avoid

  • Wheat and wheat flour (including spelt)
  • Most breads, pasta, and cereals
  • Soy sauce (most contain wheat)
  • Crackers and baked goods
  • Many sauces and gravies

Safe alternatives

  • Rice, quinoa, and corn
  • Gluten-free bread and pasta
  • Certified GF oats
  • Tamari (gluten-free soy sauce)
  • Potato and almond flour

Wheat allergy is not the same as celiac disease. A wheat allergy is an immune (IgE) reaction to proteins in wheat and can cause anaphylaxis. Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten, which is also found in barley and rye. If you have celiac disease, talk with your doctor about what to avoid.

Foods to avoid

  • Shrimp, crab, lobster
  • Clams, oysters, scallops
  • Squid and octopus
  • Seafood soups and stocks
  • Imitation crab (may contain shellfish)
  • Restaurants with shared fryers

Safe alternatives

  • Finned fish (if not fish-allergic)
  • Chicken or turkey in seafood dishes
  • Hearts of palm (mimics crab texture)
  • Jackfruit seafood alternatives

Foods to avoid

  • Salmon, tuna, cod, halibut
  • Tilapia, bass, flounder
  • Fish sauce and Worcestershire
  • Caesar salad dressing (anchovies)
  • Some omega-3 supplements
  • Imitation crab (contains pollock)

Safe alternatives

  • Seaweed snacks for sea flavor
  • Vegan fish sauce alternatives
  • Flaxseed for omega-3s

Foods to avoid

  • Soybeans, edamame, tofu
  • Soy milk and soy-based formula
  • Tempeh and miso
  • Soy sauce and teriyaki sauce
  • Many processed and packaged foods
  • Vegetable broth (often contains soy)

Safe alternatives

  • Oat milk, almond milk, or coconut milk
  • Coconut aminos (replaces soy sauce)
  • Chickpeas and lentils for protein

Foods to avoid

  • Sesame seeds (white, black, toasted)
  • Tahini and sesame paste
  • Sesame oil
  • Hummus and baba ganoush
  • Halva and some candies
  • Bagels, buns, and breads topped with sesame
  • Many dressings, sauces, and spice blends
  • Hidden names: benne, gingelly, til

Safe alternatives

  • Sunflower seed butter instead of tahini
  • Olive or avocado oil instead of sesame oil
  • Sesame-free hummus (check labels)
  • Plain breads and buns without seeds

Understanding allergies

Everything you need to know about what causes allergic reactions, how to prevent them, and how to plan ahead.

🔬
What is an allergy?
An allergy occurs when the immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance called an allergen. The body treats it as a threat and releases chemicals like histamine, causing symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening.
⚡
What is anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. A reaction is anaphylaxis when any part of the body has a severe symptom, or when two or more body areas have mild symptoms. Left untreated, it can lead to unconsciousness and even death. It requires immediate epinephrine, then a call to 911 and emergency care.
🍽
Eating out safely
When dining out with allergies:
  • Always inform the server about your allergy
  • Ask about shared fryers and prep surfaces
  • Request allergen-free preparation
  • Carry your epinephrine at all times
  • Check restaurant allergy menus online first
📋
Reading food labels
The FDA requires these 9 major allergens to be clearly listed on food packaging:
  • Peanuts · Tree nuts · Milk
  • Eggs · Wheat · Soybeans
  • Fish · Shellfish · Sesame
Always look for "Contains:" and "May contain:" statements.
👶
Children & allergies
Allergies in children require extra care:
  • Early introduction of allergens may reduce risk (ask your doctor)
  • Teach children what they cannot eat as early as possible
  • Since toddlers and babies cannot describe how they feel, it is especially important for caregivers to learn and recognize the signs of an allergic reaction to prevent an adverse event

Free wristbands for children

⚠ ALLERGY ALERT
allergy-alert.org

Bold red wristband, easy to spot

Give first responders a head start

Our wristbands display a bold "Allergy Alert" message and our website address — simple, clear, and universally recognizable in any emergency.

No personal info required on the band. Anyone who sees it knows to take action immediately.

  • ✓ Bright red with bold text — visible from a distance
  • ✓ Website printed on band links to our epinephrine guide, food lists, and emergency instructions
  • ✓ 100% free — no cost to families, ever

We are distributing wristbands right now — in person and at no cost.

If you would like to request one, email us at allergyalert29@gmail.com and we'll get one to you.

Why Allergy Alert exists

Hi, my name is Lily Kunjummen, and I started Allergy Alert to help keep children with food allergies safe and give caregivers the tools they need.

Millions of children across the country live with food allergies every day. Allergic reactions can happen anywhere, at any time, often when they are least expected. In those critical moments, the people nearby may not know that a child has a food allergy or how to respond appropriately. For children who are too young or unable to communicate their allergies, this can be especially dangerous.

Allergy Alert was created to raise awareness, educate communities, and provide simple resources that help children with food allergies stay safer wherever they go.

👁

Making allergies visible

Our bright red wristbands make a child's allergy immediately visible, sparking awareness and opening important conversations before an emergency ever occurs.

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Faster, more confident responses

When those around a child recognize an allergy early, they can respond more quickly and effectively in an emergency — and that time can make all the difference.